Efficient Hierarchical Based Routing Protocol Enhancement for Energy Balancing and Prolonging the Lifetime of the WSNs

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous tiny computing devices, each equipped with sensors, a wireless radio, a processor, and a power source. Sensor networks are envisioned to be deployed in the physical environment in order to monitor a wide range of environmental phenomena. Efficient usage of energy is one of the most important concerns in wireless sensor networks, especially while designing a routing protocol. LEACH is a promising protocol that combines medium access with routing and application-specific data aggregation to achieve good performance in terms of network lifetime, energy and throughput. The paper aims at evaluating the performance of the LEACH protocol for Wireless Sensor Network under varying network models. Thus, an extensive comparison of energy, throughput and lifetime of the sensor network under different network scenarios is carried out and result analysis is done in detail. Through NS2 simulation, it is clearly shows that LEACH works well for a network with the Base Station placed at the position (50,175) and when the numbers of clusters or clusters heads are 5 percentages of the total sensor nodes. Keywords— Wireless Sensor Networks, Base Station, Energy Efficiency, LEACH protocol, performance, analysis, lifetime